Strayer University Week 5 Interscholastic Sports on Delinquent Behavior Discussion

Description
Respond by Day 6 to at least of at least two of your colleagues who have not yet had a reply, in any of the following ways: $5 post

Evaluate your colleagues’ purpose and background sections of their Prospectuses. Challenge or support what they have written and provide feedback on the alignment of these two sections with the research problem. How can all three sections be focused and aligned more appropriately?
Evaluate the extent to which your colleagues have focused their problem, purpose, and background on public policy and administration. Critique and offer suggestions.

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Problem Statement

Thegoal of this research is to further examine the impact of high schoolinterscholastic sports on delinquent behavior. This research will workto fill the gap of inconclusive or little significant associationbetween high school interscholastic sports and delinquent behavior.According to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention,between the years of 2018-2019, 696,620 youth between the ages of 10-17were arrested for criminal offenses (Law Enforcement). This number alsoincludes a 4% decline in arrests since 2015-2018. This number alsoincludes only arrests that have been made and no consideration is madeto the number of crimes that go unreported or any comparison with NCVS.For perspective, the total number of youth between the ages of 10-17during 2019 included 12,548,067 individuals according to the UnitedStates Census (Bureau). This means that during these years, 5.56% of ouryouth were arrested. The average cost of incarcerating a juveniledelinquent is $407.58 a day and $148,767 per year (Ziedenberg, Schindler & Petteruti, 2014). Strayer University Week 5 Interscholastic Sports on Delinquent Behavior Discussion

TravisHirschi originally discussed interscholastic sports as part of histenet of involvement within social control theory (1969). As part ofthis theory and this specific tenet, Hirschi discussed that juvenileswho are involved in a positive activity will be less likely to engage indelinquent behaviors (Hirschi, 1969). Hirschi authored Causes of Delinquencyin 1969 which was a review of the hypothesis regarding social controltheory in which he provided empirical data from self-report surveys ofdelinquency (Costello & Laub, 2020). Since 1969, further researchhas been conducted specific to interscholastic sports involvementcorrelating with involvement in delinquent behaviors and the resultscontinue to be inconclusive or a lack of significant association (Spruitet al, 2015). In a study completed by Spruit and colleagues, 132,366participants were studied with multiple different variables. It wasfound through this study that when comparing involvement ininterscholastic sports and rates of engagement in juvenile delinquency, asignificant association could not be noted (Spruit et al, 2015). Inanother study completed solely by Spruit, research showed a positiverelationship between interscholastic sports involvement and thedevelopment of positive youth behavior, however, continued to beinconclusive regarding prevention of juvenile delinquency (Spruit,2017). Spruit discusses the continued need for further research toidentify what effect is present on the correlation between theinvolvement in interscholastic sports and the rate of engagement indelinquency. Spruit also notes the importance of continued study basedon the financial impact of delinquent behavior and the goal of rehabilitation of youth (Spruit, 2017).

Significance

Juveniledelinquency rates, although reducing, continue to be present in ourcounty. Delinquency rates are not simply an urban issue and can impactthe youth of all residencies. This concept became significant to me as Irelocated from my hometown to a very rural community in NortheasternPennsylvania. Asa resident of Bradford County, Pennsylvania which is surrounded byTioga County, Pennsylvania to the West, Sullivan County to the South,and Susquehanna County to the East, the rural sense of living isprominent. For context, Bradford County, Pennsylvania is comprised of60,323 people in 1,161 square miles, Tioga of 40,591 people in 1,133square miles, Sullivan of 6,066 people in 449 square miles, andSusquehanna 40,328 people in 823 miles (Bureau). This data translatesinto the high schools within these counties and how youth are impacted.For example, and the desire behind his study, high schools within thesecounties have to combine to have enough students to participate ininterscholastic sports of any kind. The study, guided by the currenttheories on delinquency, will aim to provide information to these ruralcommunities about the benefits of involvement in interscholastic sportsshould a significant relationship be identified.

Purpose

Thepurpose of this quantitative study is to further examine if arelationship exists between involvement in interscholastic sports andjuvenile delinquency. A quantitative research approach is mostappropriate for this study because it will seek for statisticallysignificant relationships between involvement in interscholastic sportsand juvenile delinquency. This study will utilize logistic regression toassess the probability of the likelihood that individuals whoparticipated in interscholastic sports during high school will alsoparticipate in delinquent behavior. This data will be obtained throughself-report surveys. Strayer University Week 5 Interscholastic Sports on Delinquent Behavior Discussion

Background

Selected articles relating to interscholastic sports and juveniledelinquency are described here. The keywords searched were interscholastic sports and juvenile delinquency, sports and delinquency, and involvement and delinquent behaviors. Web-based databases used are Thoreau and Sage journals.

Amos, C. (2013) looks to find a correlation between student-athletes and academic achievement.
Andrews & Andrews (2003) looksat sporting events, primarily, and took the winning and losing out ofthe sporting events, rather, analyzing decision making within theseevents.
Chamberlain (2013) providesinformation about how sports-based interventions assist with thestatistics of youth who have come into contact with the juvenile justicesystem in the UK.
Gardner, Roth, & Brooks-Gunn (2009) wasable to find that the odds of non-delinquent behavior of those whoparticipated in sports was higher than their male counterparts who onlyparticipated in nonathletic activities.
Kreagar (2007) is an assessment of if interscholastic sports increases violence amongst male juveniles.
Parker, Meek & Lewis (2014) wereable to find through their study that the utilization of sports andphysical activity, while incarcerated, assisted with psychosocialbehavioral problems as well as providing a better opportunity for theyouthful offender to have been rehabilitated during his stay in thisprison.
Ryssholm(2017) is a qualitative study that identified changes in pro-criminalattitudes after involvement in interscholastic sports.
Sander, Sharkey, Olivarri, Tanigawa, & Mauseth, (2010) identify that those who are at the highest risk for delinquency have low engagement within the school setting.
Sokol-Katz, Kelley, Basinger-Fleischman, & Braddock, (n.d.) was able to find that the correlation between delinquency and interscholastic sports varied by the sport as well as gender.
Veliz, (2012) isable to find that the schools that have a higher rate of athleticinvolvement have a lower rate of serious crimes on school grounds aswell as expulsions. However, the study is unable to find a correlationbetween interscholastic sports and minor criminal offenses on schoolgrounds.
Bureau, U. (n.d.). Census.gov. Retrieved December 08, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/

Costello, B.,& Laub, J. (2020, January). Social Control Theory: The Legacy ofTravis Hirschi’s Causes of Delinquency. Retrieved December 08, 2020,from https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-criminol-011419-041527

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkley, CA: University of California Press.

Law Enforcement and Juvenile Crime. https://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/crime/jar.asp.

Spruit, A. (2017). Keeping youth in play: The effects of sports-based interventions in the prevention of juvenile delinquency.

Spruit, A., VanVug, E., Van der Put, C., Van der Stouwe1, T. & Jan Stams, G.(2015). Sports Participation and Juvenile Delinquency: A Meta-AnalyticReview. J Youth Adolescence, 45, 655–671. DOI 10.1007/s10964-015-0389-7

Ziedenberg, J., Schindler, M., & Petteruti, A. (2014, December). Sticker Shock: Calculating the Full Price Tag for Youth Incarceration – Justice Policy Institute. – Justice Policy Institute. http://www.justicepolicy.org/research/8477. Strayer University Week 5 Interscholastic Sports on Delinquent Behavior Discussion