Management ( Decision Making And Problim Solving ) – 2
Critical Thinking Case studies:
It came to the attention of the Mr. Faisal Al Qarni, CEO of a Alqarni company (A small Jeddah based company) that there was a difficulty between two employees who had been working together for some time but recently appeared to have major differences that were affecting their entire department.
Two employees Amal and Haifa had been working together for a few years. They were in the same department and reported to the same departmental manager. Amal had been at the company longer and was senior to Haifa.
Mr. Faisal was being approached by both Amal and Haifa at different times. They complaint against each other about the harassment and bullying. Mr. Faisal asked HR Manager to listen their issues and try to resolve as soon as possible. HR Manager has spent increasing amounts of time speaking to them, taking notes of their points and comments, meeting with their department manager.
Haifa had felt under pressure from Amal since she joined the company. She raised the issue with her departmental manager; however, she felt that nothing had changed. Both the parties were accusing the other of bullying and harassment.
Amal had a no-nonsense approach and felt that some aspects of Haifa’s work needed improvement. She had asked for these changes in ways that she felt had been clear and fair. Haifa kept going to management with the allegation of bullying by Amal. Management ( Decision Making And Problim Solving ) – 2
Haifa felt her work performance had been made subject to very public comment in team meetings and she felt embarrassed and singled out. She felt she could do no right as far as Amal was concerned. She liked her job. It was close to her home so she was able to take her children to school and pick them up on her way home.
Both parties were thinking about leaving if the situation could not be worked out. They reluctantly agreed to mediation but neither wanted to change jobs.
Consider yourself as HR Manager and resolve the entire issue.
Assignment Question(s): (Marks 05)
- What are the main problem and subproblems of the case? Based on the following technique, identify the causes of problem? [Marks 2]
- Cause of the problem- 5 Why Technique
- Why-1
- Why-2
- Why-3
- Why-4
- Why-5
- Develop a Cause-and-Effect Diagram
- What information should you gather, that would be helpful to know before making a decision? [Marks 0.75]
- Develop a mind map to generate several choices of your decision. As HR Manager, what will be your decision to resolve this issue? [Marks 1.5]
- HR Manager may face Ethical dilemma in resolving the issue and finding solutions. What could be possible ethical issues in the above case? [Marks 0.75]
Assignment 3: Country Selection and Marketing Mix Strategies
The purpose of the assignment is to select a market that fits your product as you go international with it, and decide what marketing strategies to follow.
Step #1. Product Selection. Select a product that you want to sell internationally. It can be a product from your place of work, or any product that you are knowledgeable or interested about. Try selecting a product that is currently only sold in the United States and that you can envision selling in another country.
Step #2. Country Selection (10 points). Select a market based on your market screening. Following the steps for market screenings for a country that you read about in chapter 12, explain what factors would be important in your market (country) screening. Go through each of the first four steps in the screening process and describe what kind of criteria would be desirable for your product in terms of: Basic needs potential, Financial and economic forces, political and legal forces, and cultural forces.
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Step #3. Select a mode of entry (10 points). Review the advantages and challenges of the different modes of entry and select the most appropriate for your type of product and country you selected. Explain why you are choosing that mode of entry over others.
Step #4. Marketing Strategies. Based on the information above, and your knowledge of the product, explain how you would modify the product so that it fits better in the new market. You should focus on the following marketing strategies:
- PRODUCT (10 points) – How or what would you change about the product to better fit this new market? Explain your answer.
- PROMOTION (10 points) –
- Would you use the same message to promote your product or would you change it? What would be the new message intention or theme? Explain.
- What form of promotion would work best for the type of product and new market conditions? Select only one of the following and explain why you are selecting it: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion (discounts, coupons…), or public relations. (hint: review the advantages and disadvantages of each type of promotion and see which one fits your product best)
- PRICE (5 points) – what would be the best pricing strategy to follow and why?
- PLACE (Distribution) (5 points) – can you use a similar approach to getting the product to your customer as it is used in the U.S.A. or do you want to modify the distribution of the product. Do some research of the new country’s infrastructure and availability of channels of distribution? Explain your decision/answer. Management ( Decision Making And Problim Solving ) – 2
Grading Rubric: See the point distribution for each question for a total of 50 points. The quality of your answer will be awarded points according to the scale in this rubric.
For questions worth 10 pts:
For questions worth 5 pts: |
Good:
10
5 |
Fair:
8
3 |
Poor:
5
2 |
Unacceptable
0
0 |
Country Selection (10 pts) |
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Mode of entry (10 pts) |
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Product strategy (10 pts) |
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Promotion strategy (10 pts) |
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Price strategy (5 pts) |
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Place strategy (5 pts) |
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TOTAL POINTS EARNED: |
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Critical Thinking Case studies:
It came to the attention of the Mr. Faisal Al Qarni, CEO of a Alqarni company (A small Jeddah based company) that there was a difficulty between two employees who had been working together for some time but recently appeared to have major differences that were affecting their entire department.
Two employees Amal and Haifa had been working together for a few years. They were in the same department and reported to the same departmental manager. Amal had been at the company longer and was senior to Haifa.
Mr. Faisal was being approached by both Amal and Haifa at different times. They complaint against each other about the harassment and bullying. Mr. Faisal asked HR Manager to listen their issues and try to resolve as soon as possible. HR Manager has spent increasing amounts of time speaking to them, taking notes of their points and comments, meeting with their department manager.
Haifa had felt under pressure from Amal since she joined the company. She raised the issue with her departmental manager; however, she felt that nothing had changed. Both the parties were accusing the other of bullying and harassment.
Amal had a no-nonsense approach and felt that some aspects of Haifa’s work needed improvement. She had asked for these changes in ways that she felt had been clear and fair. Haifa kept going to management with the allegation of bullying by Amal.
Haifa felt her work performance had been made subject to very public comment in team meetings and she felt embarrassed and singled out. She felt she could do no right as far as Amal was concerned. She liked her job. It was close to her home so she was able to take her children to school and pick them up on her way home.
Both parties were thinking about leaving if the situation could not be worked out. They reluctantly agreed to mediation but neither wanted to change jobs.
Consider yourself as HR Manager and resolve the entire issue.
Assignment Question(s): (Marks 05)
- What are the main problem and subproblems of the case? Based on the following technique, identify the causes of problem? [Marks 2]
- Cause of the problem- 5 Why Technique
- Why-1
- Why-2
- Why-3
- Why-4
- Why-5
- Develop a Cause-and-Effect Diagram
- Causes of the problem – 5 Why Technique:
- Question: What is the problem?
Answer: Disputes between Amal and Haifa due to which the working of entire department is getting affected.
- Question: Why are disputes there between Amal and Haifa?
Answer: Both are alleging that the other person is harassing and bullying them.
- Question: Why are they hurling such allegations against each other?
Answer: Amal feels that Haifa’s work is not up to the mark and needs improvement and in absence of such improvements, Amal being her senior is expecting better work from her. While Haifa feels that she has been singled out by Amal and because of that she feels embarrassed and under pressure.
- Question: Have they discussed their issues with each other so that both can meet each other’s expectations?
Answer: They have discussed the issue with Mr. Faisal in the form of a complaint against each other, but it seems like they have not discussed the same with each other.
- Question: How to fulfill each one’s requirement and resolve the conflict?
Answer: The root cause is with the expectation of each other from one another. On one hand, Amal is expecting better quality work, Haifa is expecting respect and good conduct from her co-workers. Both of them should be counselled together and in discussion with Amal, training sessions shall be conducted for Haifa so that her performance can improve while for Amal, interpersonal and leadership sessions shall be conducted.
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Cause and effect diagram shall be as follows:
- The useful information before making a decision is the bottlenecks in Haifa’s learning which is preventing her from performing as per Amal’s expectations and also the counselling requirements of Amal through which she can be a better leader and manage her team members better. Management ( Decision Making And Problim Solving ) – 2
B –
Cause and effect diagram of the case of Amal and Haifa, two employees who have interpersonal issues in their relations, which is impacting the department and organization.
The cause and effect diagram used is – Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram, which separates the causes into fishes’ bones and head of the fish is effect or the problem.
The bones are classified into following categories –
Man –
Lack of interest of HR Manager
Lack of managers intervention
Lack of mutual respect between employees
Material-
Lack of detailed history of case with HR
Lack of evidence for instances and actual incident details
Measurement –
Lack of employees behavioral monitoring
Lack of review of managers abilities
Machine –
Lack of system for communication of and on employee interpersonal conflicts
Lack of system for recording instances of employee interpersonal conflicts
Method –
Lack of process for manager to manage employee conflict
Lack of code of conduct for employee
Lack of employee grievances handling process
Environment
Lack of monitoring of organizational behavior
- What information should you gather, that would be helpful to know before making a decision? [Marks 0.75]
Before making or come to any decision on their disputes ,I will gather some of the information such as:
- Talk with their close calluges of the organisation : As HR manager of the company before making any decision I will like to talk to the other member of the organisation and collect information about them and know their nature as person. For fair decision I will go through all the situation that can be happend .
- Check the cctv footage or camera: I will chech the cctv footage of recent days and try to understand the problem between them if it presents. Whoever found guilty will be fired.
3.check their work that it is efficient or not : If they are doing any other work other than the given work then I will take the strict action against them.
After gathering all these information about them I will come to any decision and if anyone found guilty then they will be fired from the organisation.
There is also the possibility of misunderstanding between them, if this happens then I would speak to them and make them understand about the situation.
- Develop a mind map to generate several choices of your decision. As HR Manager, what will be your decision to resolve this issue? [Marks 1.5]
As HR Manager I will have the following three choices that one can choose from with valid reasons:
- HR manager should take the charges of the harassment from Haina against her senior Amal very seriously and should fire Amal for promoting workplace harassment in the organization.
- HR manager should take the charges of the non-performance seriously by confirming the same with the department and should fire her on the spot for being non-consistent and disturbing the whole organization company.
- the Third option will be to clear out the employees’ differences with the help of mediation techniques and it should be the target of the HR manager to keep both the employees and also take commitment from their side for not creating such issues in the future as well otherwise it may lead to the consequences because it is disturbing the company working environment.
As the HR manager, I will choose the third option to act as a mediator and clear out the differences between both the employees and improve the working environment, and promote the idea of clearing out the differences of the employees rather than firing anyone.
Another answer:
As an HR manager, I will have the following three choices with valid reasons to choose from:
- The HR manager should take Haina’s allegations of harassment against his senior Amal very seriously and should fire Amal for encouraging workplace harassment within the organization.
- The human resources manager must take allegations of non-compliance seriously by confirming them with the department and must immediately fire him for being inconsistent and disturbing the entire company. organization.
- the third option will be to eliminate the differences between the employees using mediation techniques and the objective of the human resources manager should be to keep both employees and also to make an effort on their part to not creating such problems otherwise even in the future can have consequences as it disrupts the working environment of the company.
As an HR manager, I will choose the third option to act as a mediator and eliminate differences between employees and improve the working environment, promoting the idea of eliminating differences between employees rather than fire anyone. Management ( Decision Making And Problim Solving ) – 2.
- HR Manager may face Ethical dilemma in resolving the issue and finding solutions. What could be possible ethical issues in the above case? [Marks 0.75]
There are a few ethical issues in the above case that include Haifa facing pressure from Amal, as he is raising concerns with her work in the team meetings or in front of the team members. Haifa feels she is bullied, harassed, and degraded by Amal due to these actions. While Amal has the right to raise concerns about Haifa’s work issues, he cannot raise such issues in front of the other team members or the team meetings. He can have a face-to-face meeting and give feedback to Haifa. There are no serious issues between both these employees, but they are making them serious. Haifa is not liking the intervention of Amal in her work, and Amal is not happy with Haifa’s work.
As an HR manager, I believe they should be called for a one-on-one meeting individually to understand each other’s concerns. Then, they must be called together to sort out the differences and be allowed to work for another three months to check the progress and if they have resolved their conflicts. If they have sorted out and worked collaboratively, then the problem is solved. But if they are continuing the same behavior and indulging in similar conflicts. I would suggest offering them internal movements in other departments where they must be reporting to different managers and not connected with each other’s departments.
But if there is no such option to offer them different roles within the organization, they must be asked to report to different managers with the same positions. If they still come up with concerns, then, it is better to terminate them and replace them with other employees as their behavior and issues will impact the entire team and other employees.
Other answers:
The main problem, in this case, is the potential leaving of the job of two employees (Amal and Haifa)The subproblems can be identified by the use of the 5 why technique.
Based on the case, these are the 5 why’s that we can derive from the situation and these are as follows:
- Why did Amal and Haifa can’t get along with each other?
- Why did the two employees feel that each of them bullied and harassed each other?
- Why did Haifa feel under pressure from Amal?
- Why did Haifa feel embarrassed and singled out?
- Why did Haifa and Amal did agree to mediation but neither wanted to change jobs?
The Fishbone Diagram can be used to present the cause and effect of the problem in the case study.
According to wikihow.com, here is the information needed that can be helpful before making a decision regarding the problem, (1) collect as much information as possible, (2) point out the parties involved, (3) determine the ethical issues,(4) reassess the company’s standard procedure, (5)list and analyze options, (6) implement the best option, and (7) keep a record as you monitor the result.
A mind map is an illustration used to visibly organize information . This can be used to generate ideas that can be useful in the decision-making of this case.
The ethical issues concerning this case are discrimination and harassment, toxic workplace, unethical leadership, lack of teamwork, low employee morale, unhealthy relationship.
The main problem in this case study is the potential leaving of the job of the two employees namely Amal and Haifa. The 5 why’s technique was used to point out the subproblems stated above.
FISHBONE DIAGRAM ON CAUSE AND EFFECT OF THE PROBLEM
In making decisions to resolve ethical issues in the workplace the following must be done:
- Collect as much information as possible- gather all the relevant facts and scrutinize all the possible pieces of evidence
- Point out the parties involved-find out who are involved in the issue whether direct or indirect
- Determine the ethical issues- asking yourself which ethical principles are violated
- Reassess the company’s standard procedure-reviewing company manuals, employee handbook, and company’s policies
- List and analyze options- think of every possible option available to you whether it has a positive or negative outcome
- Implement the best option- after reviewing all the options, the best option will be selected
- Keep the record as you monitor the result-carefully observe the progress of the issue and make sure it is properly resolved
MIND MAPPING OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Mind mapping helps users to comprehend concepts to break them down into parts to better understand the existing information.
The ethical issues presented in the diagram can be solved through training and seminars, team building activities, reviewing of employees’ code of conduct, leadership training for supervisors and higher positions, and proper communication channels for addressing and solving grievances. Employees’ rewards and recognition must also be given attention to boost employees’ morale. Reorientation and retraining of low-performing employees can also be helpful to make them perform well in their ob. Management ( Decision Making And Problim Solving ) – 2