PHYS 1401 Lab-07: Beats

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PHYS 1401 Lab-07: Beats

Objectives:

To use sound generation software to produce and observe the interference of multiple sound waves.

Discussion

When two sound waves interfere with one another, the resulting sound pattern is referred to as beats. The beat pattern is determined by the waves that produce it. Piano tuners use knowledge of beats to tune pianos. A tuning fork with a key’s frequency is truck and the note is played. If beats are heard, an adjustment needs to be made. Land-line telephones send tones when keys are pressed. The tones are combinations of two notes played at the same time. Beats are all around us!

Procedure

  1. Make sure the computer’s sound is on. If you use a pair of headphones, always make sure headphones/speakers are set to a low volume to avoid damage to hearing or equipment.
  2. Open the website: https://onlinetonegenerator.com/
  3. Default frequency is 440 Hz. You will hear a pure tone sine wave when you press “play” button. PHYS 1401 Lab-07: Beats.
  4. You will see four different waveforms: Sine, Square, Sawtooth and Triangle. You will be using Sine waveform in this lab.
  5. Open the same website in another tab or a new window. There should be 2 windows with the same website.
  6. Play the frequency 440 Hz in both windows or tabs.

 

Question – 1: What do you hear when you play 440 Hz frequency in both tabs?

 

 

  1. Using the frequency control slider, adjust one input wave to have a frequency of 440 Hz and the other to have a frequency of 441 Hz.
  2. Listen for the beat frequency. The beat frequency is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the input waves. In this case, the beat frequency is 441 Hz – 440 Hz = 1.0 Hz. You should hear a 1.0 Hz “wah – wah” pattern in the resulting sound.

Question – 2: How else can you generate a 1.0 Hz beat frequency without changing the frequency of the 440 HZ input wave?

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  1. Adjust one input wave to have a frequency of 440 Hz and the other to have a frequency of 442 Hz.

Question – 3: Did the “wah – wah” pattern in the resulting sound change or remain the same?

  1. Experiment with other combinations of input wave frequencies to create beats. Low frequencies produce interesting results.

Question – 4: What did you observe when changing frequencies to create beats?

 

Question – 5: What maximum beat frequency did you hear for different tones?

 

 

Question – 6: What beat frequency is produced by 240-Hz and a 246-Hz tuning forks?

  1. 6 Hz
  2. 240 Hz
  3. 245 Hz
  4. 12 Hz
  5. none of the above

 

Question – 7: Suppose you sound a 1056-Hz tuning fork when you strike a note on the piano and hear 2 beats/second. You tighten the piano string very slightly and now hear 3 beats/second. What is the frequency of the piano string?

  1. 1058 Hz
  2. 1059 Hz
  3. 1054 Hz
  4. 1053 Hz
  5. 1056 Hz

Explain your reasoning. PHYS 1401 Lab-07: Beats.

PHYS 1401 Lab-03: Conservation of Energy

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PHYS 1401 Lab-03: Conservation of Energy

Name: __________________________

 

Objectives:

  • To verify the conservation of mechanical energy by determining the relationship between kinetic energy and potential energy.

 

Conservation of energy: The law of conservation of energy tells us that we can never create or destroy energy, but we can change its form.  In this lab, we will look at the conversion of energy between gravitational-potential energy, work, and kinetic (or moving) energy. PHYS 1401 Lab-03: Conservation of Energy

 

  1. Open PhET simulation Energy Skate Park

https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/energy-skate-park/latest/energy-skate-park_all.html

This simulation allows you to explore the motion and energetics of a skater riding along a track.

  1. Click on “Intro” to get started.
  2. You can click and drag the skater to any location and release the skater from rest. Watch the skater skate up and down the track.
  3. Click on the “Energy” to see the relative magnitudes of the kinetic, potential, thermal, and total energies as a function of the skater’s position. You can select “Slow Motion” below the track for a more accurate observation.
  4. Play around with the simulation. Click on the “Reset” button before answering the questions.

 

Activity-1

Question-1: How does the skater’s kinetic energy change as he moves down the ramp?

 

Question-2: How does the skater’s kinetic energy change as he moves up the ramp?

 

Question-3: How does the skater’s potential energy change as he moves down the ramp?

 

Question-4: How does the skater’s potential energy change as he moves up the ramp? PHYS 1401 Lab-03: Conservation of Energy

 

Question-5: How does the skater’s total energy change as he moves down the ramp?

 

Question-6: How does the skater’s total energy change as he moves up the ramp?

 

Because we are ignoring friction, no thermal energy is generated and the total energy is the mechanical energy, the kinetic energy plus the potential energy. E = K + U.

Question-7: As the skater is skating back and forth, the total energy of the skater is _________

 

Ignoring friction, the total energy of the skater is conserved. This means that the kinetic plus potential energy at one location, say E1 = K1 + U1, must be equal to the kinetic plus potential energy at a different location, say E2 = K2 + U2. This is the principle of conservation energy and can be expressed as E1 = E2. Since the energy is conserved, the change in the kinetic energy is equal to the negative of the change in the potential energy: .

 

Default mass is 60 kg. Change the mass of the skater to 100 kg or 20 kg.

Question-8: Is the law of conservation of energy affected by the mass of the skater?

 

Question-9: Does mass of the skater affect the magnitudes of the kinetic and potential energy?

 

Activity-2

At the bottom of the simulation window, click on “Playground”. For this part of the activity, you should have the “Friction” slider set to none, which means no thermal energy is generated. Select the “Show Grid” option. Then, add a track by clicking and dragging on a new track (the shape with three circles in the bottom left of the window) and placing it near the skater. You can then click and drag on individual circles to stretch and/or bend the track and make it look as shown below. The bottom of the track should be 1 m above the ground, and both ends of the track should be at a height of 7 m.

 

Place the skater on the track 7 m above the ground and look at the resulting motion and the Bar graph showing the different energies. Assume the mass of the skater is 75.0 kg and that the acceleration of gravity g = 10 m/s2.

Important Formula: ;

 

Question-10: How much potential energy does he have at 7.0 m?

 

Question-11: How much kinetic energy at 1.0 m?

 

Question-12: How will account for the difference in answers for Q#10 and Q#11?

 

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Question-13: A 20.0 kg skater that starts his skate 10m high (on the earth) would have a potential energy of __________ and a kinetic energy of ________ before his skate.  At the lowest point (close to Earth surface), the skater would have a potential energy of ______ and a kinetic energy of ________. PHYS 1401 Lab-03: Conservation of Energy

 

Activity-3

At the bottom of the simulation window, click on “Playground”. You should have the “Friction” slider set to none, which means no thermal energy is generated. Then, add a track by clicking and dragging on a new track (the shape with three circles in the bottom left of the window) and placing it near the skater. You can then click and drag on individual circles to stretch and/or bend the track and make it look as shown below.

Question-14: If the skater starts at point A, will he have enough energy to make it all the way to the point G? why or why not?

 

Question-15: At which point will the skater have maximum kinetic energy?

 

Question-16: At which point will the skater have maximum potential energy?

 

Question-17: If there is lots of friction, will the skater starting at point A make it all the way to point G? Explain.

 

Complete the table of Kinetic and Potential Energies: use g = 10. m/s2 (1/2 pt each)

Mass of skater m (kg) Height h

(in m)

 Velocity v

(in m/s)

 Kinetic Energy K

(in Joules)

 Potential Energy U

(in Joules)
20. kg 14 m 12 m/s 1. 2.
60. kg 0.0 m 3. 1470 J 4.
0.20 kg 18 m 0.0 m/s 5. 6.
7. 6.0 m 5.0 m/s 8. 600. J
5.0 kg 9. 10. 160 J 850 J

 

Conclusion:

Question 18: At the highest point kinetic energy is zero / maximum while the potential energy is

zero / maximum.

 

Question 19: At the lowest point kinetic energy is zero / maximum while potential energy is zero / maximum.

 

Question 20: Mass affects / does not affect the conservation of energy.

 

Question 21: When there is friction, total energy is conserved/ not conserved. PHYS 1401 Lab-03: Conservation of Energy

 

 

Physics homework help

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Write an APA paper that addresses the following:
Conduct research either using the textbook and/or online website and provide a summary of the following concepts.  The format of your paper must follow APA format guidelines only to the extent you properly include in-text citations to document where you got your information.

• Discuss: the core concept of sound and how sound is propagated

• Discussed the characteristics of waves (velocity, refraction, reflection, constructive and destructive interference

• Discussed the concept of Resonance

• Discussed the concept of the nature of electricity and its characteristics

• Describe how electricity converts to power and work

• Explain the danger associated with electricity and some of the safety precautions one can take

• Differentiate between series and parallel circuits and why this is important. Physics homework help.

Pick any three and write an APA formatted response paper.  Make sure you follow the APA rules specifically to document your in-text citation and your reference page. If you have a question, please let me know. The templates below are what I expect your paper to look like.  Make sure your paper is in word doc format only; NOT IN APA format.  I need to have it in word format in order to make comments on your paper.

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Physics homework help

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1. Discuss: Define Work and Power.

2. Define the types of Energy and provide examples.

3. Discuss the Fundamental Law of the Conservation of Energy and its ramification.  How does the Conservation of Energy impact the environment?

4. Explain and summarize the Kinetic Molecular Theory.  Explain the concept of solids, liquids, and gases.

5. Explain the relationship between temperature, volume, and heat

6. Explain in your own words, the first and second law of Thermodynamics.  Physics homework help.

part 2

  1. Discuss: the core concept of sound and how sound is propagated
  2. Discussed the characteristics of waves (velocity, refraction, reflection, constructive and destructive interference
  3. Discussed the concept of Resonance
  4. Discussed the concept of the nature of electricity and its characteristics
  5. Describe how electricity converts to power and work
  6. Explain the danger associated with electricity and some of the safety precautions one can take
  7. Differentiate between series and parallel circuits and why this is important.

Make sure you follow the APA rules specifically to document your in-text citation and your reference page.  Physics homework help.

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Physics homework help

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Sneel's glass of water: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snell_water_glassSneel’s glass of water: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Snell_water_glass

The image to the left shows several different optical effects including reflection, refraction, and image formation.

  • Through how many different media does the light from the steel rod travel before it enters your eye?
  • Define diffuse reflection, and tell what its role is human vision.  Define speculator reflection and point out an example of speculator reflection in the graphic.
  • In what ways is the image of the rod distorted by the water, the air, and the curved surface of the glass? In terms of Snell’s law explain why.
  • Is the distortion of the image the same in the vertical direction as in the horizontal direction?  Explain why in terms of the curvature of the glass.

Be sure to provide substantive responses to at least two of your classmates. For instance a response referencing some specific point in the post to which you are responding is a substantive response. Another example of a substantive post is one which prompts your classmate to address some missed point of the discussion. As always responses such as, “Good Job,” and “I agree,” are considered non substantive and earn no points. Physics homework help.

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Physics Homework Help

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A rocket moving with 0.50c relative to earth. Jenny who is in the rocket measures her pulse rate at 75 beats per minutes. Signals generated by Jenny’s pulse are radioed to the earth when the rocket is

A rocket moving with 0.50c relative to earth. Jenny who is in the rocket measures her pulse rate at 75 beats per minutes. Signals generated by Jenny’s pulse are radioed to the earth when the rocket is moving perpendicular to the line that connects the rocket with an observer on the earth.

i). What pulse rate does the earth-based observer measure?

ii). What if? What would be the pulse rate if the speed of the rocket were increased to 0.99c? Physics Homework Help.

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Physics homework help

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Crystal Structure/Band Structure (Physics) 

Numerical simulation

Final report: Comparisonsimulation data of Si4N3 dielectric material

(doi:10.17188/1197656)

  1. Introduction

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a non-metallic compound composed of silicon and nitrogen.This material is interesting because of its durability, electrical insulation, high thermal stability and high acid resistance that widely used in microelectronics and micro-surface machining technologies. Physics homework help

The micro-bolometer devices were fabricated at nano and energy center (NEC) of Vietnam national university (VNU) used Si3N4 shut as a supporting layer for the suspending structure and in absorption infrared radiation (IR) packet. The fabrication method used plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system that require high vacuum. The optimization of IR absorption packet by experimental is extremely expensive. Thus, the properties of Si3N4 crystal structure need to investigate by simulation and compare to experiment data. Physics homework help

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  1. Simulation data

Structure

Space group P 1
 

Direction

 a 7.80919 Å
b 7.80919 Å
c 5.65995 Å
V 298.9199 Å3
α 90 o
β 90 o
γ 120 o

 

Figure 1: The crystal structure of Si3N4 trigonal

            Space group:

                       

Hermann Mauguin P31c
Hall
 P 3 c
Point Group
3m
Crystal System
trigonal

 

Figure 2: Space group P31c

Symmetry operators
1 1
2 3+ (0, 0, z)
3 3– (0, 0, z)
4 c (x, x, z) [0, 0,
5 c (x, 0, z) [0, 0,
6 c (0, y, z) [0, 0,

Table 2: Symmetry Operators of Space group P31c

Band gap

Density functional theory is formulated to calculate ground state properties. Although the band structure involves excitations of electrons to unoccupied states, the Kohn-Sham energies used in solving the density functional theory (DFT) equations are often interpreted to correspond to electron energy levels in the solid.The correspondence between the eigenvalues ​​of the Kohm-Sham calculated by the DFT and the real electron energy is theoretically only theoretically valid for the highest occupied electron state. The Kohn-Sham energy of this state matches the first ionizing energy of the material, giving an exact exchange correlation function. For other energies, however, there is no guarantee that the specific values ​​of Kohn-Sham will correspond to observable objects. Physics homework help

According to Kohn- Sham the density functional theory (DFT) was wrote:

Where E(r) is the function of electron density r(r) that called exchange -correlation function. The electron density can calculated by equation below:

Finally, the Hamiltonian was presented by:

And the particle m can be shonw by the mthsolution of equation

However, we still don’t know the last term xc(r) leading to the development of approximation methods. Some typical approximations are Thomas – Fermi, Hartree – Fock, Kohn – Sham…

Figure 3: The band structure of Si3N4 crystal structure

Figure 3 shows that the indirect bandgap value in this case is K -G = 4.658 eV. Physics homework help 

XRD spectra

Figure 4: XRD spectra -αCu flowing the simulation data from material project of Si3N4 mp-2245 and the data take from databased from crystallography open database.

As shows in figure 4, The peak of simulation data is the same with open experiment data. However, the Intensity of the databased peak is different depend on the measurement system and the defect in the sample.

Reference data:

COD ID:1001238: Materials Research Bulletin, 1983, 18, 921-934

COD ID:1001239: Materials Research Bulletin, 1983, 18, 921-934

COD ID:1001240:Materials Research Bulletin, 1983, 18, 921-934

COD ID:1001241:Materials Research Bulletin, 1983, 18, 921-934

COD ID:1001242:Materials Research Bulletin, 1983, 18, 921-934

COD ID:1001243:Materials Research Bulletin, 1983, 18, 921-934. Physics homework help

 

 

Geophysics homework help

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“If you could live anywhere in the world, where would that be, and why?”

This is not a research essay, but your personal preference of a place based upon the assignments – readings, videos, and discussions – this semester. Draw upon all you have learned about the physical geography of your world to select the best, most desirable location for you to live; the more specific, the better. No place is perfect, so negative aspects also need to be addressed. Geophysics homework help

Informally reference class sources in your essay, but please do not engage in any outside research beyond those. Any evidence of outside research will result in a failing grade for this assignment. If you are unsure about a geographical aspect – such as pollution concerns – it is perfectly acceptable to say so. I want to see what and how much you know about your choice, not how well you can research it. Finally, please mention any prior knowledge of or experience with your choice. (Have you ever been there, researched it previous to this assignment, etc?) That is also perfectly fine, but also something I need to know.

Both the reasons for and against your choice need to focus solely on geographical reasons, including (in no particular order of importance):

· weather/climate (including how those might be related to health concerns),

· relative location (how close/far away from other places important to you, transportation, population centers, etc),

· topography (scenery like mountains, lakes, forests, coastlines and beaches, etc),Geophysics homework help

· availability of natural resources (water),

 

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· flora/fauna (plants/animals),

· recreational activities (hiking, swimming, being at the beach, fishing, skiing, boating, etc),

· natural disasters (wildfires, floods/droughts, earthquakes, land/mudslides, tornadoes, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, or lack thereof),

· pollution levels,

· susceptibility to climate change.

While there are many other valid reasons for wanting to live in a particular place, such as work opportunities, family, or social/political climates, these are not relevant for this assignment. Please limit your reasons to the geographical ones listed.

Your essay must be at least 3-4 pages (no less) of full written text, with standard 12-point font and standard margins and double-spacing. It should be free of misspellings and grammatical and punctuation errors. It will be graded primarily on content, but timely and complete submission, and adherence to proper English writing standards also matter.

In addition to the 3-4 pages of text, include a map and a photo/picture of your choice. The scale of the map is up to you. The photo should show an image that best represents your choice. Geophysics homework help

Like all essays, yours needs to begin with an introductory paragraph, in which you introduce the topic and list (but do not explain) your reasons (both pros and cons.) After the introduction, the bulk of the essay should discuss your reasons, each in a separate paragraph, including the drawbacks of your choice. Your closing paragraph is a brief restatement of your arguments.Geophysics homework help

Physics homework help

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Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

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Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

HFACS can be Both Reactive and Proactive Discusion Essay

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HFACS can be Both Reactive and Proactive Discusion Essay

Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references.

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Research and define human error and explain, with supporting details, the HFACS method used to classify human error and how HFACS can be both reactive and proactive.

Must be APA and have a title page, 300-word body written in the third person, and at least two references. HFACS can be Both Reactive and Proactive Discusion Essay