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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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In this assignment you will choose from one of the following chronic diseases that will be addressed in each of the assignments in this course.

  • Hypertension
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
  • Childhood asthma

You must use a minimum of two scholarly sources. This paper should be 3-4 pages in length.

In Assignment One you will:

  • Illustrate the population. Illustrate who the members are of this population using current scholarly research. Provide details, including contributing causes and/or past medical history, any familial or genetic components.
  • Evaluate the population, including current numbers, the seriousness of the disease, special needs to optimize health and independence.
  • Assess the need for formal case management. What are the current trends in case management (as discussed in your text) that support a case management model?
  • Argue the potential benefits to implementing a case management model, addressing economics, quality or life/care of the patient, impact on the social life of the patient and family.
  • Analyze why nurses should coordinate the case management plan of care? Based upon best practice, what specialized training and experiences would a nurse bring to this role?
  • Identify the other members that should be included on a multidisciplinary case management team and discuss what their role is and why they are valuable members.Assignment 1 Please use the grading rubric to create an outline of your assignment. Each section of the rubric should be a section of your final paper and could become the headings. Your assignment will be graded based on each element of the rubric. Compare each section of your paper with the rubric to ensure all elements are covered. Then, include an introduction and conclusion to tie the paper together. If you have any questions regarding the assignment please contact your instructor using the Course Help forum. In this assignment you will choose from one of the following chronic diseases that will be addressed in each of the assignments in this course. • • • • Hypertension Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Childhood asthma You must use a minimum of two scholarly sources. This paper should be 3-4 pages in length. In Assignment One you will: • • • • • • Illustrate the population. Illustrate who the members are of this population using current scholarly research. Provide details, including contributing causes and/or past medical history, any familial or genetic components. Evaluate the population, including current numbers, the seriousness of the disease, special needs to optimize health and independence. Assess the need for formal case management. What are the current trends in case management (as discussed in your text) that support a case management model? Argue the potential benefits to implementing a case management model, addressing economics, quality or life/care of the patient, impact on the social life of the patient and family. Analyze why nurses should coordinate the case management plan of care? Based upon best practice, what specialized training and experiences would a nurse bring to this role? Identify the other members that should be included on a multidisciplinary case management team and discuss what their role is and why they are valuable members. Grading Rubric Competency Illustrates the population. 14 points Illustrates the population. 12 points Explains the population. 4 points 0 points Identifies the population. Does not address the Points Earned /14 population. Evaluates the population (size, seriousness, special needs, etc.). Does not Reviews the Names the address the Evaluates the population (size, population (size, population population (size, seriousness, seriousness, (size, seriousness, special special needs, special needs, seriousness, needs, etc.). etc.). etc.). special needs, etc.). Assesses why there should be a formal case management program. Explains why Assesses why there there should be should be a formal a formal case case management management program. program. Lists why there should be a formal case management program. Does not address why there should be a formal case management program. /14 Argues the potential benefits to implementing a systematic case management plan (economics, quality of life/care, social disruption, etc.). Classifies the Argues the potential potential benefits benefits to to implementing implementing a a systematic systematic case case management plan management (economics, quality plan (economics, of life/care, social quality of disruption, etc.). life/care, social disruption, etc.). Does not address the Lists the potential potential benefits benefits to to implementing implementing a a systematic systematic case case management management plan (economics, plan quality of (economics, life/care, social quality of disruption, etc.). life/care, social disruption, etc.). /14 Analyzes why nursing should coordinate this plan of care. Analyzes why nursing should coordinate this plan of care. Discusses why nursing should coordinate this plan of care. Recalls why nursing should coordinate this plan of care. Does not address why nursing should coordinate this plan of care. /14 Identifies the other team members who should be included and Identifies the other team members who should be included and why. Recognizes the other team members who should be included and Lists the other team members who should be included and why. Does not address the other team members who should be /14 /14 why. why. Competency 7 points 5 points APA Competent use of APA Minimal APA errors Competency 4 points 2 points References Competency References are relevant, authoritative and contemporary. 5 points included and why. 3 points 0 points Complete lack Many APA errors of understanding Points Earned /7 1 point 0 points Points Earned Adequate references. Minimal use of appropriate references. Poor use and/or selection of references not relevant. /4 3 points 1 point 0 points Points Earned Organization good; ideas usually clear and Organization arranged in excellent, ideas acceptable clear and arranged sequence; logically, transitions transitions smooth, no flaws in usually smooth, logic. Introduction good support. Organization and conclusion Grammar, present. Grammar, and punctuation, punctuation, mechanics, and Grammar mechanics, and usage good usage correct and mostly idiomatic, consistent consistent with with Standard Standard American English American English; errors do not interfere with meaning or understanding Organization minimally effective; problems in approach, sequence, support and transitions. Grammar, punctuation, mechanics and usage distracting and often interfere with meaning or understanding Organization does not meet requirements. /5 TOTAL /100 Academic integrity: Sources not cited and/or word-for-word (verbatim) content used from another source without the use of quotation marks earns a 0 for the paper
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hector loved visiting and playing with his grandson, David. Today was David’s birthday and the whole family was at the park to celebrate. They had tons of food and lots of games to enjoy. At one point, they had a three-legged race and David asked his grandfather, Hector, to be his partner. They gave it everything they had and crossed the finish line ahead of everyone else for the win. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Afterward, Hector started wheezing and had trouble catching his breath. He also had a tightness around his chest. Fearing that Hector may be having heart troubles, the family rushed him to the local emergency room. Hector reported to the doctor that he had been having a chronic cough that he couldn’t get rid of and had to clear his throat of mucus every morning.

Respiratory function tests indicated that Hector had Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a result of chronic bronchitis. The ER physician sent him home with some medication and advised hector to assume the tripod position to aid in his breathing when he was experiencing shortness of breath. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Deliverables

Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource to support your answers.

  1. How is ventilation different from respiration? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  2. Ventilation is dependent upon a pressure gradient. Describe how this pressure gradient works.
  3. What muscles are involved in ventilation?
  4. What is COPD and how does it affect ventilation?
  5. How does the tripod position help breathing in COPD patients?

Submit your case study document. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Required Software

Microsoft Office: Word

Grading

This activity will be graded based on the Case Study grading rubric. You can view the rubric below

Hector loved visiting and playing with his grandson, David. Today was David’s birthday and the whole family was at the park to celebrate. They had tons of food and lots of games to enjoy. At one point, they had a three-legged race and David asked his grandfather, Hector, to be his partner. They gave it everything they had and crossed the finish line ahead of everyone else for the win. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Afterward, Hector started wheezing and had trouble catching his breath. He also had a tightness around his chest. Fearing that Hector may be having heart troubles, the family rushed him to the local emergency room. Hector reported to the doctor that he had been having a chronic cough that he couldn’t get rid of and had to clear his throat of mucus every morning.

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Respiratory function tests indicated that Hector had Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a result of chronic bronchitis. The ER physician sent him home with some medication and advised hector to assume the tripod position to aid in his breathing when he was experiencing shortness of breath. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Deliverables

Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource to support your answers.

  1. How is ventilation different from respiration?
  2. Ventilation is dependent upon a pressure gradient. Describe how this pressure gradient works. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  3. What muscles are involved in ventilation?
  4. What is COPD and how does it affect ventilation?
  5. How does the tripod position help breathing in COPD patients?

Submit your case study document. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Required Software

Microsoft Office: Word

Grading

This activity will be graded based on the Case Study grading rubric. You can view the rubric below Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Hector loved visiting and playing with his grandson, David. Today was David’s birthday and the whole family was at the park to celebrate. They had tons of food and lots of games to enjoy. At one point, they had a three-legged race and David asked his grandfather, Hector, to be his partner. They gave it everything they had and crossed the finish line ahead of everyone else for the win. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Afterward, Hector started wheezing and had trouble catching his breath. He also had a tightness around his chest. Fearing that Hector may be having heart troubles, the family rushed him to the local emergency room. Hector reported to the doctor that he had been having a chronic cough that he couldn’t get rid of and had to clear his throat of mucus every morning.

Respiratory function tests indicated that Hector had Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) as a result of chronic bronchitis. The ER physician sent him home with some medication and advised hector to assume the tripod position to aid in his breathing when he was experiencing shortness of breath. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Deliverables

Answer the following questions and save your responses in a Microsoft Word document. Provide a scholarly resource to support your answers.

  1. How is ventilation different from respiration?
  2. Ventilation is dependent upon a pressure gradient. Describe how this pressure gradient works. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  3. What muscles are involved in ventilation?
  4. What is COPD and how does it affect ventilation?
  5. How does the tripod position help breathing in COPD patients?

Submit your case study document. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Required Software

Microsoft Office: Word

Grading

This activity will be graded based on the Case Study grading rubric. You can view the rubric below Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

/in /by

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

45-year-old woman presents with chief complaint of 3-day duration of shortness of breath, cough with thick green sputum production, and fevers. Patient has history of COPD with chronic cough but states the cough has gotten much worse and is interfering with her sleep. Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate. CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter. Auscultation demonstrates hyper resonance and coarse rales and rhonchi throughout all lung fields. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

·  The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.

·  Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.

·  How these processes interact to affect the patient.

Must have 3 or more scholarly reference APA Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It’s typically caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke. People with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions.

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common conditions that contribute to COPD. These two conditions usually occur together and can vary in severity among individuals with COPD.

Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. It’s characterized by daily cough and mucus (sputum) production.

Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli at the end of the smallest air passages (bronchioles) of the lungs are destroyed as a result of damaging exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating gases and particulate matter. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Although COPD is a progressive disease that gets worse over time, COPD is treatable. With proper management, most people with COPD can achieve good symptom control and quality of life, as well as reduced risk of other associated conditions.

COPD symptoms often don’t appear until significant lung damage has occurred, and they usually worsen over time, particularly if smoking exposure continues. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Signs and symptoms of COPD may include:

  • Shortness of breath, especially during physical activities
  • Wheezing
  • Chest tightness
  • A chronic cough that may produce mucus (sputum) that may be clear, white, yellow or greenish
  • Frequent respiratory infections
  • Lack of energy
  • Unintended weight loss (in later stages)
  • Swelling in ankles, feet or legs

People with COPD are also likely to experience episodes called exacerbations, during which their symptoms become worse than the usual day-to-day variation and persist for at least several days.

The main cause of COPD in developed countries is tobacco smoking. In the developing world, COPD often occurs in people exposed to fumes from burning fuel for cooking and heating in poorly ventilated homes.

Only some chronic smokers develop clinically apparent COPD, although many smokers with long smoking histories may develop reduced lung function. Some smokers develop less common lung conditions. They may be misdiagnosed as having COPD until a more thorough evaluation is performed. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

How your lungs are affected

Air travels down your windpipe (trachea) and into your lungs through two large tubes (bronchi). Inside your lungs, these tubes divide many times — like the branches of a tree — into many smaller tubes (bronchioles) that end in clusters of tiny air sacs (alveoli).

The air sacs have very thin walls full of tiny blood vessels (capillaries). The oxygen in the air you inhale passes into these blood vessels and enters your bloodstream. At the same time, carbon dioxide — a gas that is a waste product of metabolism — is exhaled.

Your lungs rely on the natural elasticity of the bronchial tubes and air sacs to force air out of your body. COPD causes them to lose their elasticity and over-expand, which leaves some air trapped in your lungs when you exhale. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Unlike some diseases, COPD typically has a clear cause and a clear path of prevention, and there are ways to slow the progression of the disease. The majority of cases are directly related to cigarette smoking, and the best way to prevent COPD is to never smoke — or to stop smoking now.

If you’re a longtime smoker, these simple statements may not seem so simple, especially if you’ve tried quitting — once, twice or many times before. But keep trying to quit. It’s critical to find a tobacco cessation program that can help you quit for good. It’s your best chance for reducing damage to your lungs.

Occupational exposure to chemical fumes and dusts is another risk factor for COPD. If you work with these types of lung irritants, talk to your supervisor about the best ways to protect yourself, such as using respiratory protective equipment. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Here are some steps you can take to help prevent complications associated with COPD:

  • Quit smoking to help reduce your risk of heart disease and lung cancer.
  • Get an annual flu vaccination and regular vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia to reduce your risk of or prevent some infections.
  • Talk to your doctor if you feel sad or helpless or think that you may be experiencing depression Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease