Determine if there is a correlation between gender, socio-economic status, and HIV infection rates.

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week 2 q2 spr

Since I am a team lead on my unit, I frequently teach nursing students or new orientees. I initially chose the article about the nursing student’s first clinical experience- this was a conversation we recently had at work- but the entire article was written in some Nordic language that I can’t read. I was disappointed because I was very interested in the subject.

Gender and poverty in South Africa in the era of HIV/AIDS: A quantitative study.

Research problems: The research problem suggested in this article is the need for further investigation into why this group of under-educated, poverty stricken head of households “single women had a significantly higher HIV prevalence than married, divorced, or widowed women.”

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between gender, socio-economic status, and HIV infection rates.

Objective: The goal of this article was to educate the reader on a correlation between gender, poverty, and HIV infection rates in South Africa. It suggests that as a targeted group with a very high risk, by supporting these women with continued education opportunities and the betterment of their economic status may be an important step in the fight against HIV (Shisana, Rice, Zungu, & Zuma, 2010).

Hypothesis: The single female head of household population in South Africa is more likely to live in poverty, and is at higher risk for HIV infection.

Credibility and Validity: The statements included in the article describing the sources of information, the ratio of males to females, the manner in which they were surveyed, all add to the validity of the research.  “The way samples are selected, responses are measured, and data are managed can all inhibit or enhance validity” (Houser, 2018). As the reader it would be difficult to prove or disprove the facts and figures presented, but we must trust that the process of being published in a respected medical journal would lend itself to the credibility of the sources.

Houser, J. (2018). Nursing Research: Reading, Using and Creating Evidence.Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Shisana, O., Rice, K., Zungu, N., & Zuma, K. (2010). Gender and poverty in South Africa in the era of HIV/AIDS: A quantitative study. Journal of Women’s Healt

Exploring the rate of seasonal-pattern depression in an Inuit community

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WEEK 2 q2 KRI/STUDENT

MY DISCUSSION POSTED/ PLEASE IS JUST TO HAVE AN IDEA ON WHAT IS THE PATHWAY OF THE DISCUSSION IN ORDER TO ANWER TO THE CLASSMATE.

Identify the methodology, design, and rationale of the below titles.

1.         Exploring the rate of seasonal-pattern depression in an Inuit community

The methodology analyzes rate of depression of an intuit town.  The design is quantitative based on weather and the study of depression.  Quantitative research is based on a cause and effect relationshi  The study results would produce numerical data in a Quasi-experimental study.  The rationale is based on how similar the behavior patterns and weather patterns coincide. 

2.         Democracy in America

The methodology suggests that there is only democracy in America.  The design is qualitative based as it implicates that America is only democratic. Qualitative research produces subjective data concerning opinions of individua  The rationale is an opinion there is much democracy in America.

3.         The relationship between compassion fatigue and burnout among critical care nurses

The methodology discloses fatigue, compassion, and burnout as feelings of highly demand nurses. The design is qualitative based as it focuses on highly demand critical care nurses and extreme feelings.  The rationale is that nurses work with little breaks and may experience these feelings which are subjective in nature.

4.         Two drugs for Alzheimer’s show promise

The methodology is suggestive advertising for a pharmaceutical company.  The design is based on quantitative research as an experimental study.  The rationale is that the medications may have potential for improving symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

5.         Evaluating technology with student success

The methodology suggests that evaluating student success can be accomplished with technology.  The design is suggestive of a qualitative study as it can be based on an opinion and experience of students.  This study can be two-fold to evaluate technology based on student success.  The rationale being that a student benefits with technology in order to be a fully successful student.

6.         Factors that influence weight control among women

The methodology implies that a list of factors may follow and the qualitative design relates how these factors make it difficult for women to maintain their weight. The rationale is that difficulty in weight control is more for women and these related factors explain why.

7.         The meaning of living with brain injury and stroke 10 years after the injury

The methodology is irony because life after a brain injury and stroke is difficult and has many challenges.  The qualitative design of the title is meant to make one believe that life afterwards is not as bad as one may believe.   The rationale is that an individual may live in a vegetative state and would not gain much fulfillment in life after these incidents. 

8.         Exploring the beliefs of healing among Aborigines

The methodology anticipates research to be completed and the qualitative design is based on the healing powers of the Aborigines.  The rationale being that Aborigines have special powers and healing beliefs that assist one to heal.

“Nurses must remain alert to provide safe care, recognize discrete changes in patient conditions, and intercept potentially dangerous errors in medication and procedural orders”As nurses we work long hours shift, short break and workload. Patient safety can be at risk due to nurses fatigue exposing our self to make a medical error.

                                                                                              References:

Houser, J. (2015). nursing reasearch: reading, using and creating evidence (3rd ed.). Retrieved from

https://digitalbookshelf.

southuniversity.edu/#/books9781284055702/cfi/6/2[;vnd.vst.idref=p01cover]

Scott, L. D., Hofmeister, N., Rogness. A. E. (2010). July/Agust). An interventional approach for patient and nurses safety: A fatigue countermeasures feasibility study. Nursing Reseach, 59(4), 250-258.

CLASSMATE QUESTION

Thank you for posting about this topic. I am curious, what do you think about the article on aborigines? Just reading the title makes me wonder thank you for posting about this. I am curious what do you think about the article on aborigines? Just reading the title makes me wonder  what the article says! 

I like the way you have your list with each rationalization 

Describe the organizational characteristics of the facility in which you currently have a clinical assignment.

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1. Describe the organizational characteristics of the facility in which you currently have a clinical assignment. Include the following:

a. Type of organization

b. Overall climate of the facility

c. How the organization is structured

d. Formal and informal goals and processes of the organization

2. Why is the work climate of an organization important to nurse leaders and managers?

3. What are the ways in which a nurse can enhance his or her expertise?

4. Explain “shared governance,” and describe how it can affect the power structure of a health-care organization.

5. Why is it important for staff nurses to understand the culture and real goals of the organization in which they work?

1. Describe your ideal organization. Explain each feature and why you think it is important.

2. Interview one of the staff nurses on your unit. Find out what practices within the organization help to empower the nurses. Compare this list of practices with those discussed in the textbook.

3. Recall the last time you walked into a hospital, clinic, or physician’s office for the first time. What was your first impression? Did you feel comfortable and welcome? Why or why not? If you could change the first impression this facility makes, what would you do?

4-What changes could be made at a very low cost? What changes would be expensive?Finally, discuss why it is important for a health-care facility to make a good first impression

INTRODUCTION TO BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

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Part I

Read the following chapters in the Microbiology etext available at https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-microbiology

Introduction to Microbiology

  • Introduction to Microbiology
  • Microbes and the World
  • The Science of Microbiology
  1. Describe Koch’s Postulates and briefly summarize his contributions to the field of Microbiology.

Part II 

Read the following chapters in the Microbiology etext available at https://courses.lumenlearning.com/trident-boundless-microbiology

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryote Cell Structure

  • Overview of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
  • Cell Walls of Prokaryotes

Choose a resident microbe from the article The Nature of Bacterial Host-Parasite Relationships in Humans.

  1. Describe the symbiotic role of your chosen microbe within our microbiome.
  2. Do a little independent research to determine whether this microbe can become pathogenic. If so, describe the conditions under which this microbe assumes this opportunistic role. Be sure to cite articles used in your research and include a references section.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Page Length: 2 to 3 pages

Format            

TUI encourages all students to comply with APA style and format guidelines for proper citation of references.  Use the formatting in your Background page as a model.

Scholarly Content                   

Your case assignments are considered scholarly works. Your final work should include peer reviewed (scholarly) sources.  Please use the formatting demonstrated in your Background section to cite the tutorials and readings from the Module Overview. You should not cut and paste the questions posed and answer them like a “Question and Answer” session.  Your finished paper should read like an academic paper.

Please keep in mind that you should not use sources such as “Answers.com” or “Wikipedia” or “Wikianswers.”  None of these are scholarly sources and they can be “modified” by any registered user which makes them unreliable. You will post your final essay as a word document to the SLP assignment dropbox.

Preliminary literature review

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Provide a preliminary literature review and an action item checklist

The subject for this study is family discharge arrangement in NICU. Discharge arrangement can be portrayed as ‘the improvement of an individualized discharge strategy for the patient preceding leaving health care facility, with the point of containing costs as well as enhancing patient outcomes’ (Spence & Casey, 2015). It is thought to be a crucial component in making the change from the intensive care setting towards the home. This progress has been portrayed as ‘a passage from conditions that might make a time of vulnerability related to changes in role relations, desires, or capacities.’ A medical placement on a NICU excited the researcher’s enthusiasm with respect towards whether families are by and large adequately prepared for as well as bolstered all through discharge and also how discharge arrangement  is being done, rousing the researcher to investigate this subject further.

This assignment  will require:

  1.  a minimum of 10 scholarly, peer-reviewed research articles.
  2. Each article needs to be thoroughly summarized. The summary must describe the relevance of the article, and how the research findings support the action you are proposing in your capstone project.
  3. Each article summary needs to include a research design and methods section.

Popular sampling strategies in qualitative

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Comment 1

Popular sampling strategies in qualitative research:

Convenience sampling – participants are readily available, but members of the sample may not be best respondents.

Purposive sampling – deliberately selects those who are likely to have most to say.

Snowball sampling – allows selection of likely candidates from difficult to reach groups.

Generalizability: The aim of qualitative research is not to generalize, it still remains a limitation of the approach. We cannot take a group of people’s views and apply them to another context, another place or another group of people. We may read them and think ‘Yes! This sounds familiar to me!’ or ‘I am surprised at these findings!’ but we cannot, then, extrapolate from them and decide that we have hard evidence that can be applied in other contexts

Comment 2

“Sampling involves selecting a group of people, events, objects, or other elements with which to conduct a study… Sampling theory was developed to determine the most effective way to acquire a sample that accurately reflects the population under study. Key concepts of sampling theory include populations, target population, sampling or eligibility criteria, accessible population, elements, representativeness, sampling frames, and sampling methods or plans. ” (Grove, Gray, & Burns, 2015, pp. 249-250). An example of this might the study of the effect of diabetes on the body’s vital organs. With millions of diabetics in the United States it would be impossible to study the entire target population (all diabetics); researchers must therefore use a smaller and more manageable sample to represent the population as a whole. Obviously the goal in obtaining this sample is for it to be as much like the entire population as possible. This is of course of the utmost importance to the generalizability of the study.

Generalization means that the results of the research performed on the sample can then be assumed or applied to the whole target population. This can be done to with varying degrees of accuracy and extensiveness. Grove, Gray, & Burns (2015, pp. 250-251) state that research quality and consistency with other research findings can alter the degree of generalizability; meaning that with high quality research, findings can be generalized from the sample to the accessible population, and then to the target population.

Research Design

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Comment 1

A research experiment need a research design. The design helps the researcher stay on track. Experimental research design works like an instruction manual that researchers follow during the experimentation process. The design lists how the experiment was conducted to determine its effectiveness and success (Reference, 2018). Experimental designs can be “simple or complex and have been developed for studies focused on examining causality” (Grove, 2081). An example of an experiment is the effect of chlorohexidine mouthwash on the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia on ICU patients. The research is controlled, manipulated and random.

Nonexperimental designs are descriptive and correlational. They focus is on “examining variables as they naturally occur in environments and not on the implementation of a treatment by the researcher”(Grove, 2018). It is not controlled or manipulated. An example of descriptive design is assessing Multiple sclerosis, its frequency of symptoms and treatment during the disease.  A correlational example could be the effects of second hand smoke on non-smokers.

Comment 2

Sampling is choosing a determinate within a research study. There are many steps in the process of choosing a sample. “Sampling theory was developed to determine the most effective way of acquiring a sample that accurately reflects the population under study” (Grove, Gray, & Burns, p.278, 2015). The subjects in a qualitative study are called participants, they are not chosen by random sampling as in quantitative studies. The sampling for a qualitative study is usually smaller in size. “Data collected for quantitative studies are numerical.Numerous methods exist for data collection including observation, scales, and questionnaires” (GCU, 2012). Quantiative studies generally require a larger amount of participants because the results are based on numbers and percentages. The sampling process comprises several stages. Defining the population of concern, specifying the sampling frame, specifying a sampling method for selecting the items of events from the sampling frame, determining the appropriate sample size, implementing the sampling plan, sampling and data collecting, and data that can be selected. 

An example of sampling in a qualitative study would be a collection of participants to discuss their opinions, perspectives and feelings on a subject matter, like family members to hospice patients and their experiences with palliative care. An example of sampling in a quantitative study would be participants with same medical history with the same objective or goal in their health, like type 1 diabetes ages 19-24 in a research study on how glycemic control is obtained.

Generalizability is taking the same study used in a smaller sample and applying it to a larger population (Grove, Gray, & Burns, 2015). An example of this would be the results of a study of male patients with the diagnosis of MS in a specific state can be generalized to a larger population of male patients with diagnosis of MS in the nation.

In a 1000-1,250 word essay, summarize the study, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

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Use the practice problem and a quantitative, peer-reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this assignment.

In a 1000-1,250 word essay, summarize the study, explain the ways in which the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.

Refer to the resource “Research Critique Guidelines” for suggested headings and content for your paper.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

Rubric

Background of Study

Background of study including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Method of Study

Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Results of Study

Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing practice is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Ethical Considerations

Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation.

Conclusion

Conclusion summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal, knowledge learned, and the importance of the findings to nursing practice.

Thesis Development and Purpose

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

Argument Logic and Construction

Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)

All format elements are correct.

Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style)

Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error.

GUIDELINE

Research Critique Guidelines

To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment. 

Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from the study in your responses.

Quantitative Study

Background of Study:

· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.

· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem. 

· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims. 

· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers. 

· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem? 

Methods of Study

· Identify the benefits and risks of participation addressed by the authors. Were there benefits or risks the authors do not identify?

· Was informed consent obtained from the subjects or participants?

· Did it seem that the subjects participated voluntarily in the study?

· Was institutional review board approval obtained from the agency in which the study wasconducted?

· Are the major variables (independent and dependent variables) identified and defined? What were these variables?

· How were data collected in this study? 

· What rationale did the author provide for using this data collection method? 

· Identify the time period for data collection of the study. 

· Describe the sequence of data collection events for a participant. 

· Describe the data management and analysis methods used in the study. 

· Did the author discuss how the rigor of the process was assured? For example, does the author describe maintaining a paper trail of critical decisions that were made during the analysis of the data? Was statistical software used to ensure accuracy of the analysis?

· What measures were used to minimize the effects of researcher bias (their experiences and perspectives)? For example, did two researchers independently analyze the data and compare their analyses? 

Results of Study

· What is the researcher’s interpretation of findings?

· Are the findings valid or an accurate reflection of reality? Do you have confidence in the findings?

· What limitations of the study were identified by researchers?

· Was there a coherent logic to the presentation of findings? 

· What implications do the findings have for nursing practice? For example, can the findings of the study be applied to general nursing practice, to a specific population, or to a specific area of nursing? 

· What suggestions are made for further studies?

Ethical Considerations

· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?

· Was patient privacy protected?

· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?

Conclusion

· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.

· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.

· Incorporate a critical appraisal and a brief analysis of the utility and applicability of the findings to nursing practice.

· Integrate a summary of the knowledge learned.

Reference

Burns, N., & Grove, S. (2011). Understanding nursing research(5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

Identify the methodology, design, and rationale of the below titles

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discussion 1 week 2/ what I posted

Identify the methodology, design, and rationale of the below titles.

1.         Exploring the rate of seasonal-pattern depression in an Inuit community

The methodology analyzes rate of depression of an intuit town.  The design is quantitative based on weather and the study of depression.  Quantitative research is based on a cause and effect relationshi  The study results would produce numerical data in a Quasi-experimental study.  The rationale is based on how similar the behavior patterns and weather patterns coincide. 

2.         Democracy in America

The methodology suggests that there is only democracy in America.  The design is qualitative based as it implicates that America is only democratic. Qualitative research produces subjective data concerning opinions of individua  The rationale is an opinion there is much democracy in America.

3.         The relationship between compassion fatigue and burnout among critical care nurses

The methodology discloses fatigue, compassion, and burnout as feelings of highly demand nurses. The design is qualitative based as it focuses on highly demand critical care nurses and extreme feelings.  The rationale is that nurses work with little breaks and may experience these feelings which are subjective in nature.

4.         Two drugs for Alzheimer’s show promise

The methodology is suggestive advertising for a pharmaceutical company.  The design is based on quantitative research as an experimental study.  The rationale is that the medications may have potential for improving symptoms of Alzheimer’s.

5.         Evaluating technology with student success

The methodology suggests that evaluating student success can be accomplished with technology.  The design is suggestive of a qualitative study as it can be based on an opinion and experience of students.  This study can be two-fold to evaluate technology based on student success.  The rationale being that a student benefits with technology in order to be a fully successful student.

6.         Factors that influence weight control among women

The methodology implies that a list of factors may follow and the qualitative design relates how these factors make it difficult for women to maintain their weight. The rationale is that difficulty in weight control is more for women and these related factors explain why.

7.         The meaning of living with brain injury and stroke 10 years after the injury

The methodology is irony because life after a brain injury and stroke is difficult and has many challenges.  The qualitative design of the title is meant to make one believe that life afterwards is not as bad as one may believe.   The rationale is that an individual may live in a vegetative state and would not gain much fulfillment in life after these incidents. 

8.         Exploring the beliefs of healing among Aborigines

The methodology anticipates research to be completed and the qualitative design is based on the healing powers of the Aborigines.  The rationale being that Aborigines have special powers and healing beliefs that assist one to heal.

“Nurses must remain alert to provide safe care, recognize discrete changes in patient conditions, and intercept potentially dangerous errors in medication and procedural orders”As nurses we work long hours shift, short break and workload. Patient safety can be at risk due to nurses fatigue exposing our self to make a medical error.

                                                                                              References:

Houser, J. (2015). nursing reasearch: reading, using and creating evidence (3rd ed.). Retrieved from

https://digitalbookshelf.

southuniversity.edu/#/books9781284055702/cfi/6/2[;vnd.vst.idref=p01cover]

Scott, L. D., Hofmeister, N., Rogness. A. E. (2010). July/Agust). An interventional approach for patient and nurses safety: A fatigue countermeasures feasibility study. Nursing Reseach, 59(4), 250-258.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3181de9116

PROFESSOR QUESTION/NEEDS TO BE ANWERS

Thank you for discussing your thoughts in regards to the methodology and design of these research articles, along with your rationale. You had stated “Nurses must remain alert to provide safe care, recognize discrete changes in patient conditions, and intercept potentially dangerous errors in medication and procedural orders”. This is a very thought-provoking statement! What are your thoughts on nurses working double shifts or numerous shifts in a row? Do you feel there should be a limit on how many hours a nurse can work in a row? If so, what do you feel the limit should be? What is your reasoning? Thank you for your post!

Should health insurance companies cover services that are purely for health promotion purposes?

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Read chapter 14, 15 and 18 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPresentation.  Once done answer the following questions;  

1.   In your owns words and using the appropriate evidence-based practice reference please define health promotion and wellness and give some examples.  Mention at least two health issues and how they could be addressed through both professional health promotion and personal health promotion. What is the difference in the approach? How does each approach contribute to the desired effect?  

2.  Should health insurance companies cover services that are purely for health promotion purposes? Why or why not? What about employers? What are the pros and cons of this type of coverage?  

3.    What do you think about the role of integrating nursing with faith? Do you feel is appropriate? When is it appropriate? In what types of settings do you feel this would work best in? Do you feel all nurses should integrate faith in their nursing practice? Why or why not and how?  

4.   In your own words and using the appropriate evidence-based references please define groups and identified and describe at least two groups in your community.  Why do nurses need to know about group dynamics and how to work in a group?    

As stated in the course syllabus this assignment must be presented based on the instructions given;  in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font, attached to the forum tab in the discussion board titled “Week 4 discussion questions”.  A minimum of 3 evidence-based references no older than 5 years  (excluding the class textbook) is required. You must post at least two replies to any of your peers sustained with the proper references.  A minimum of 600 words is required (excluding first and last page).