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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

The purpose of this discussion is to reflect over the past 8 weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #1, MSN Essential I, and Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

1. Provide evidence of meeting the achievement of course outcomes (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2. Provide evidence of meeting MSN program outcome 1 (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

3. Provide evidence of meeting Nurse Practitioner Core Competency 1 (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Total Points Possible:  50

Requirements:

Reflect over the past 8 weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course – PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #1, MSN Essential I, and Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies    Program Outcome #1: Provide high quality, safe, patient-centered care grounded in holistic health principles. (holistic health & patient-centered care)

MSN Essential I: Background for Practice from Sciences and Humanities:

Recognizes that the master’s prepared nurse integrates scientific findings from nursing, biopsychosocial fields, genetics, public health, quality improvement, and organizational sciences for the continual improvement of nursing care across diverse settings. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies

1. Critically analyzes data and evidence for improving advanced nursing practice.

2. Integrates knowledge from the humanities and sciences within the context of nursing science.

3. Translates research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes.

4. Develops new practice approaches based on the integration of research, theory, and practice knowledge.

The purpose of this discussion is to reflect over the past 8 weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #1, MSN Essential I, and Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

1. Provide evidence of meeting the achievement of course outcomes (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2. Provide evidence of meeting MSN program outcome 1 (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

3. Provide evidence of meeting Nurse Practitioner Core Competency 1 (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

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Total Points Possible:  50

Requirements:

Reflect over the past 8 weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course – PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #1, MSN Essential I, and Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies    Program Outcome #1: Provide high quality, safe, patient-centered care grounded in holistic health principles. (holistic health & patient-centered care)

MSN Essential I: Background for Practice from Sciences and Humanities:

Recognizes that the master’s prepared nurse integrates scientific findings from nursing, biopsychosocial fields, genetics, public health, quality improvement, and organizational sciences for the continual improvement of nursing care across diverse settings.

Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies

1. Critically analyzes data and evidence for improving advanced nursing practice.

2. Integrates knowledge from the humanities and sciences within the context of nursing science.

3. Translates research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes.

4. Develops new practice approaches based on the integration of research, theory, and practice knowledge.

The purpose of this discussion is to reflect over the past 8 weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #1, MSN Essential I, and Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this discussion, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

1. Provide evidence of meeting the achievement of course outcomes (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2. Provide evidence of meeting MSN program outcome 1 (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

3. Provide evidence of meeting Nurse Practitioner Core Competency 1 (CO 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

Total Points Possible:  50

Requirements:

Reflect over the past 8 weeks and describe how the achievement of the course outcomes in this course – PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #1, MSN Essential I, and Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies    Program Outcome #1: Provide high quality, safe, patient-centered care grounded in holistic health principles. (holistic health & patient-centered care)

MSN Essential I: Background for Practice from Sciences and Humanities:

Recognizes that the master’s prepared nurse integrates scientific findings from nursing, biopsychosocial fields, genetics, public health, quality improvement, and organizational sciences for the continual improvement of nursing care across diverse settings. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 1 Scientific Foundation Competencies

1. Critically analyzes data and evidence for improving advanced nursing practice.

2. Integrates knowledge from the humanities and sciences within the context of nursing science.

3. Translates research and other forms of knowledge to improve practice processes and outcomes.

4. Develops new practice approaches based on the integration of research, theory, and practice knowledge PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Pathophysiology

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Pathophysiology

45-year-old woman presents with chief complaint of 3-day duration of shortness of breath, cough with thick green sputum production, and fevers. Patient has history of COPD with chronic cough but states the cough has gotten much worse and is interfering with her sleep. Sputum is thicker and harder for her to expectorate. CXR reveals flattened diaphragm and increased AP diameter. Auscultation demonstrates hyper resonance and coarse rales and rhonchi throughout all lung fields. Pathophysiology

An understanding of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critically important component of disease diagnosis and treatment. This importance is magnified by the fact that these two systems work so closely together. A variety of factors and circumstances that impact the emergence and severity of issues in one system can have a role in the performance of the other.

Effective disease analysis often requires an understanding that goes beyond these systems and their capacity to work together. The impact of patient characteristics, as well as racial and ethnic variables, can also have an important impact. Pathophysiology

An understanding of the symptoms of alterations in cardiovascular and respiratory systems is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify the elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

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Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

In your Case Study Analysis related to the scenario provided, explain the following

  • The cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary pathophysiologic processes that result in the patient presenting these symptoms.
  • Any racial/ethnic variables that may impact physiological functioning.
  • How these processes interact to affect the patient.

Pathophysiology involves either cortical or subcortical pathology, as established with neurophysiologic and imaging studies. Rasmussen’s syndrome is an autoimmune disease involving one hemisphere, with cortical inflammation and atrophy, and thus this is a secondary myoclonus. Pathophysiology is unknown. Despite the identification of antiglutamate receptor antibodies in some children, immune-modulating therapies do not have long-term benefit and only hemispherectomy is curative.66 A case has also been described after gliomatosis cerebri in two children.67 Some authors have suggested that EPC be used to designate cases with cortical origin, and myoclonia continua be used for those originating elsewhere in the nervous system

  • The pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease is death of dopaminergic neurons as a result of changes in biological activity in the brain with respect to Parkinson’s disease (PD). There are several proposed mechanisms for neuronal death in PD; however, not all of them are well understood. Five proposed major mechanisms for neuronal death in Parkinson’s Disease include protein aggregation in Lewy bodies, disruption of autophagy, changes in cell metabolism or mitochondrial function, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown resulting in vascular leakiness. Pathophysiology
  • The pathophysiology of heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. As such, it can be caused by a wide number of conditions, including myocardial infarction (in which the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and dies), hypertension (which increases the force of contraction needed to pump blood) and amyloidosis (in which misfolded proteins are deposited in the heart muscle, causing it to stiffen). Over time these increases in workload will produce changes to the heart itself.
  • The pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis is that of an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS in which activated immune cells invade the central nervous system and cause inflammation, neurodegeneration and tissue damage. The underlying condition that produces this behaviour is currently unknown. Current research in neuropathology, neuroimmunology, neurobiology, and neuroimaging, together with clinical neurology provide support for the notion that MS is not a single disease but rather a spectrum Pathophysiology
  • The pathophysiology of hypertension is that of a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as either essential (also known as primary or idiopathic) or secondary. About 90–95% of hypertension is essential hypertension.[20][21][22][23]
  • The pathophysiology of HIV/AIDS involves, upon acquisition of the virus, that the virus replicates inside and kills T helper cells, which are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. There is an initial period of influenza-like illness, and then a latent, asymptomatic phase. When the CD4 lymphocyte count falls below 200 cells/ml of blood, the HIV host has progressed to AIDS,[24] a condition characterized by deficiency in cell-mediated immunity and the resulting increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and certain forms of cancer Pathophysiology

Pathophysiology

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Pathophysiology

A 14-year-old boy comes to clinic with chief complaint of sore throat for 3 days. Denies fever or chills. PMH negative for recurrent colds, influenza, ear infections or pneumonias. NKDA or food allergies. Physical exam reveals temp of 99.6 F, pulse 72 and regular with respirations of 16. HEENT normal with exception of reddened posterior pharynx with white exudate on tonsils that are enlarged to 3+. Positive anterior and posterior cervical adenopathy. Rapid strep test performed in office was positive. His HCP wrote a prescription for amoxicillin 500 mg po q 12 hours x 10 days disp #20. He took the first capsule when he got home and immediately complained of swelling of his tongue and lips, difficulty breathing with audible wheezing. 911 was called and he was taken to the hospital, where he received emergency treatment for his allergic reaction.

Assignment:

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

· The role genetics plays in the disease.

· Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

· The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

· The cells that are involved in this process.

· How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Resources

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

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Hyponatremia

Answers all parts of the Discussion question(s) with reflective critical analysis, Supported by at least three current, credible sources. 1-2 pages

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to provide the student an opportunity to reflect on selected RN-BSN competencies acquired through the NUR3125 course.

Course Outcomes

This assignment provides documentation of student ability to meet the following course outcomes:

· Apply principles of normal anatomy and physiology of human body systems to the pathophysiologic processes of common health problems.

· Identify concepts, principles, and responses related to pathophysiologic processes that result in disease.

· Discuss clinical manifestations of selected disease processes and health problems.

· Identify appropriate pharmacological treatment of specific diseases using the nursing process.

· Discuss the nurse’s role and responsibility for assessment of individuals experiencing health problems that result in pathophysiologic alterations

Points

This assignment is worth a total of 100 points (10%).

Due Date

Submit your completed assignment under the Assignment tab by Sunday 11:59 p.m. EST of Week 15 as directed.

Requirements

1. The Course Reflection is worth 100 points (10%) and will be graded on quality of self-assessment, use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, sentence structure, and overall organization based on the required components as summarized in the directions and grading criteria/rubric.

2. Follow the directions and grading criteria closely. Any questions about your essay may be posted under the Q & A forum under the Discussions tab.

3. The length of the reflection is to be within three to six pages excluding title page and reference pages.

4. APA format is required with both a title page and reference page. Use the required components of the review as Level 1 headers (upper and lower case, centered):

Note: Introduction – Write an introduction but do not use “Introduction” as a heading in accordance with the rules put forth in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2010, p. 63).

a. Course Reflection

b. Conclusion

Preparing Your Reflection

The BSN Essentials (AACN, 2008) outline a number of healthcare policy and advocacy competencies for the BSN-prepared nurse. Reflect on the NUR3125 course readings, discussion threads, and applications you have completed across this course and write a reflective essay regarding the extent to which you feel you are now prepared to:

1. “Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

2. Assume accountability for personal and professional behaviors.

3. Promote the image of nursing by modeling the values and articulating the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the nursing profession.

4. Demonstrate professionalism, including attention to appearance, demeanor, respect for self and others, and attention to professional boundaries with patients and families as well as among caregivers.

5. Demonstrate an appreciation of the history of and contemporary issues in nursing and their impact on current nursing practice.

6. Reflect on one’s own beliefs and values as they relate to professional practice.

7. Identify personal, professional, and environmental risks that impact personal and professional choices, and behaviors.

8. Communicate to the healthcare team one’s personal bias on difficult healthcare decisions that impact one’s ability to provide care.

9. Recognize the impact of attitudes, values, and expectations on the care of the very young, frail older adults, and other vulnerable populations.

10. Protect patient privacy and confidentiality of patient records and other privileged communications.

11. Access interprofessional and intra-professional resources to resolve ethical and other practice dilemmas.

Pathophysiology

/in /by

Pathophysiology

A 14-year-old boy comes to clinic with chief complaint of sore throat for 3 days. Denies fever or chills. PMH negative for recurrent colds, influenza, ear infections or pneumonias. NKDA or food allergies. Physical exam reveals temp of 99.6 F, pulse 72 and regular with respirations of 16. HEENT normal with exception of reddened posterior pharynx with white exudate on tonsils that are enlarged to 3+. Positive anterior and posterior cervical adenopathy. Rapid strep test performed in office was positive. His HCP wrote a prescription for amoxicillin 500 mg po q 12 hours x 10 days disp #20. He took the first capsule when he got home and immediately complained of swelling of his tongue and lips, difficulty breathing with audible wheezing. 911 was called and he was taken to the hospital, where he received emergency treatment for his allergic reaction.

Assignment:

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

· The role genetics plays in the disease.

· Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.

· The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.

· The cells that are involved in this process.

· How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.

Resources

McCance, K. L. & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier.

Immunity and Inflammation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXSuEIMrPQk%20%20

Acid-Base Balance #1

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Acid-Base Balance #2

Hyponatremia

Answers all parts of the Discussion question(s) with reflective critical analysis, Supported by at least three current, credible sources. 1-2 pages

The purpose of this assignment is to provide the student an opportunity to reflect on selected RN-BSN competencies acquired through the NUR3125 course.

Course Outcomes

This assignment provides documentation of student ability to meet the following course outcomes:

· Apply principles of normal anatomy and physiology of human body systems to the pathophysiologic processes of common health problems.

· Identify concepts, principles, and responses related to pathophysiologic processes that result in disease.

· Discuss clinical manifestations of selected disease processes and health problems.

· Identify appropriate pharmacological treatment of specific diseases using the nursing process.

· Discuss the nurse’s role and responsibility for assessment of individuals experiencing health problems that result in pathophysiologic alterations

Points

This assignment is worth a total of 100 points (10%).

Due Date

Submit your completed assignment under the Assignment tab by Sunday 11:59 p.m. EST of Week 15 as directed.

Requirements

1. The Course Reflection is worth 100 points (10%) and will be graded on quality of self-assessment, use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, sentence structure, and overall organization based on the required components as summarized in the directions and grading criteria/rubric.

2. Follow the directions and grading criteria closely. Any questions about your essay may be posted under the Q & A forum under the Discussions tab.

3. The length of the reflection is to be within three to six pages excluding title page and reference pages.

4. APA format is required with both a title page and reference page. Use the required components of the review as Level 1 headers (upper and lower case, centered):

Note: Introduction – Write an introduction but do not use “Introduction” as a heading in accordance with the rules put forth in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (2010, p. 63).

a. Course Reflection

b. Conclusion

Preparing Your Reflection

The BSN Essentials (AACN, 2008) outline a number of healthcare policy and advocacy competencies for the BSN-prepared nurse. Reflect on the NUR3125 course readings, discussion threads, and applications you have completed across this course and write a reflective essay regarding the extent to which you feel you are now prepared to:

1. “Demonstrate the professional standards of moral, ethical, and legal conduct.

2. Assume accountability for personal and professional behaviors.

3. Promote the image of nursing by modeling the values and articulating the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the nursing profession.

4. Demonstrate professionalism, including attention to appearance, demeanor, respect for self and others, and attention to professional boundaries with patients and families as well as among caregivers.

5. Demonstrate an appreciation of the history of and contemporary issues in nursing and their impact on current nursing practice.

6. Reflect on one’s own beliefs and values as they relate to professional practice.

7. Identify personal, professional, and environmental risks that impact personal and professional choices, and behaviors.

8. Communicate to the healthcare team one’s personal bias on difficult healthcare decisions that impact one’s ability to provide care.

9. Recognize the impact of attitudes, values, and expectations on the care of the very young, frail older adults, and other vulnerable populations.

10. Protect patient privacy and confidentiality of patient records and other privileged communications.

11. Access interprofessional and intra-professional resources to resolve ethical and other practice dilemmas.

12. Act to prevent unsafe, illegal, or unethical care practices.

13. Articulate the value of pursuing practice excellence, lifelong learning, and professional engagement to foster professional growth and development.

14. Recognize the relationship between personal health, self-renewal, and the ability to deliver sustained quality care.

15. Conduct comprehensive and focused physical, behavioral, psychological, spiritual, socioeconomic, and environmental assessments of health and illness parameters in patients, using developmentally and culturally appropriate approaches.

16. Recognize the relationship of genetics and genomics to health, prevention, screening, diagnostics, prognostics, selection of treatment, and monitoring of treatment effectiveness, using a constructed pedigree from collected family history information as well as standardized symbols and terminology.

17. Implement holistic, patient centered care that reflects an understanding of human growth and development, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical management, and nursing management across the health illness continuum, across the lifespan, and in all healthcare settings.

18. Communicate effectively with all members of the healthcare team, including the patient and the patient’s support network.